Cath Noakes, an expert on ventilation and Covid talking on Life Scientific today on BBc Radio 4 (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000rcnl) reported on experiments using a Nightingale Ward design and found it was likely to cut down the spread of infection by 4 times. This was by
1. use of high ceilings
2. Big Windows that could open top and bottom
3. Radiators with ventilation grills behind them
She noted that most Florence Nightingale wards have since been modernised with low ceilings, smaller sealed windows and radiators replaced.
Her message was that ventilation is, with distance, one of the best ways of cutting the spread of infection.
Here is an image of Dorcas Ward st St Thomas’s Hospital, London.
This short video shows you all you need to know to light a fire in Tudor times. All you need is a piece of flight, a piece of steel, some tinder and kindling.
Watching the demo I can’t help feeling that some damage must have been done to the fingers if you were not skilled and careful.
This is the oldest animal art found, and it takes the focus of early art from Europe to the Far East. What is remarkable about it is that it isn’t a scribble. It is clearly done by someone who knows how to make a likeness and a pleasing piece of art.
The hands created using the human hand as a stencil and by blowing paint from the mouth are a feature found all over the world.
The BBC has an excellent article about the subjects here: